In this paper, the WAVE Finite Element Method (WFEM) is developed for modelling of STRESS WAVE propagation in one-dimensional problem of nonhomogeneous linear, anisotropic micropolar rod of variable cross section. For this purpose, the WFEM equations are developed based on the micropolar theory of elasticity. Two kinds of WAVEs with fast and slow velocities are detected. For micropolar medium, an additional rotational Degree of Freedom (DOF) is considered besides the classical elasticity’s DOF. The method proposed in this paper is implemented to solve the WAVE propagation and impact problems in micropolar rods with different layers. The results of the proposed method are compared with some numerical and/or analytical solutions available in the literature, which indicate excellent agreement between the results.

Charge and spin transport properties of a clean $SNS$ Josephson junction (triplet superconductor-normal metal-triplet superconductor) are studied using the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation of Green’s function. Our system consists of two p-WAVE superconducting crystals separated by a Copper nano layer. Effects of thickness of normal layer between superconductors on the spin and charge currents are investigated. Also misorientation between triplet superconductors which creates the spin current is another subject of this paper.

Regarding the diagnostic value of F.WAVE in evaluation of a variety of neurologic disorders, and due to lack of normal values of F.WAVE in Iran, we measured F.WAVE latency of median and ulnar nerves in 50 healthy individuals in Shiraz, in 1997.This descriptive study was carried out on 50 volunteers in whom no abnormality found in neurologic examination. F.WAVE was recorded with subjects in sitting position and room temperature by Dantec Neuromatic 2000c electromyography.Stimulation was applied at wrist and elbow, recorded by surface electrodes placed on intrinsic hand muscles. At least 10 F.WAVEs were recorded in each site and the least F.WAVE latency was considered as minimal F.WAVE latency.Maximum normal F.WAVE latency for Median nerve was 25.7 ms for women and 28.5ms for men with simulation at the wrist. It was 23 ms and 25ms respectively with simulation at the elbow. Maximum normal F.WAVE latency for ulnar nerve was 26.4 ms for women and 28.9 ms for men with stimulation at the wrist.It was 23.1 ms and 25.3 ms for men and women respectively with stimulation at the elbow. Maximum normal difference in F.WAVE latency between right and left upper extremities with simulation at the wrist for total group was 2.2 ms for Median nerve and 2.4 ms for ulnar nerve. Maximum normal difference in F.WAVE latency between Median and ulnar nerve in an extremity with stimulation at the wrist for total group was 2.7ms.There was statistically significant difference in F.WAVE latency between women and men (P<0.05), which could be due to lower arm length in women than men.The study also revealed lower F.WAVE latencies, compared to other references, which may be due to lower height of Iranian than western countries.

High pressure and temperature in the earth's crust lead to fracture and microcracks in rocks. Direct access to earth crust rocks at great depths is very costly and, in most cases, impossible. The study of the condition of rocks at great depths is often done using indirect methods such as seismic WAVEs. The results of these studies are compared with the results of laboratory studies of WAVE velocities in different rocks and the conditions of the rocks are simulated. At high depths, hydrostatic STRESS is applied to the rocks of the earth's crust, and tectonic, earthquake and other STRESSes cause it to be anisotropic. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the change in compressive WAVE velocity due to the change in compressive STRESS in rocks. At first, a cylindrical core of different stones with a length to diameter ratio of 2 to 2. 5 is prepared according to the standard test method (ASTM D4543) and their dimensions and weight are determined. after measuring the unconfined compressive strength of cores according to the standard test method (ASTM D2938), the hydrostatic pressure of 50% to 95% of it is applied to the rock samples prepared from the earth. This pressure is applied to the cores by using the Hoek cell (for lateral pressure) and the axial load machine and using an ultrasonic device, determine the compressive WAVE velocity (ultrasonic pulse) is determined according to the standard test method (ASTM D2845) in the axial direction of the sample. Then, the WAVE velocity was measured by decreasing the lateral pressure (increasing deviatoric STRESS) in a stepwise manner and the WAVE velocity was measured at each step. In the following, comparative diagrams of compressive WAVE velocity (Vp) with density (ρ, d), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the effect of hydrostatic STRESS (σ, hyd) and deviatoric STRESS (σ, dev) on P-WAVE velocity in each sample are drawn. The results show linear relationships between compressive WAVE velocity and the physical properties of rock samples. Also, the PWAVE velocity at hydrostatic pressure is the highest and as the lateral pressure decreases (increasing the deviatoric STRESS), the velocity also decreases.

In this article, the STRESS-time or speed-time relation for a steady intense shock WAVE front and effective parameters on it in solid metals (except alkaline metals) were studied. Firstly, the parameters relevant to the deformation of a pure material were identified and a relation between them was found. Then, with simplifying assumptions, a STRESS change equation was obtained. Afterwards, the modulus of the material was considered and after some simplification, it was substituted in the equation. After non-dimensionalization, effective parameters for a loading by an intense shock WAVE were obtained. The results of solving the dimensionless equations simulated the profile of the shock loading, gave the approximated rise time and width of the strong shock WAVE front and helped to explain that the maximum strain rate occurred near the center of the shock WAVE profile. It was shown that when the local shear STRESS is higher than the lattice strength, a small step is formed on the particle velocity-time profile.

In this paper, the analysis and optimization of the effect of the materials distribution on the behavior of 2D functionally graded media subjected to impacted loading has been investigated. First, it is assumed that there are two cases for distributing the components in the FG material. In the first case, the power law is considered for materials distribution, and in the second case, the volume fractional changes of the components are made by third degree interpolation. Considering the elastodynamic behavior of the FG materials under loading, the general governing equations of the WAVE propagation are extracted for the case of properties variation in two dimensions and then the equations are solved using the finite difference method. Finally, an optimization has been made using a single objective genetic algorithm. The results show that the materials distribution has a considerable effect of STRESS WAVE propagation in FGMs.

Ensuring the quality and stability of trees as the most important components of the plant community has attracted the attention of foresters to identify and measure defects and ensure safety coefficients. Therefore, in the present study, the use of acoustic tomography to calculate the extent of decay, the area of the woody section and the safety factor of black pine was studied. Acoustic tomography was performed using 16 sensors at two elevations of 147 and 200 cm above the ground and on 8 tree in the Sopron region of Hungary. The results showed that the STRESS WAVE technique was an accurate method for determining safety coefficients and determining the amount of internal decay in the tree and also had the ability to identify compression areas in cross section. Resistography of the studied sections in different geographical directions assisted to locating the woody areas, which was compatible with the information of acoustic tomography. The findings of this study showed that the area of the canopy has a significant role in the safety of the tree and the possibility of tree fall, so that in some trees due to their condition, with doubling the area of the canopy, the torque increased from 80827 to 161655 N. m and the condition of the tree changed from low-risk to high-risk.

Nondestrutive evaluation of wood quality of fast growing standing trees such as poplar has an important role in optimal management of wood production with desired quality and properties. Tha aim of this research was the use of STRESS WAVE technique for nondestructive evaluation of poplar standing trees (Populous deltoids) and to study the effect of intercropping (with wheat) and spacing on wood quality. For this purpose, STRESS WAVE velocities were measured in radial and longitudinal directions of poplar trees in four intercropping treatments with different spacing of 3×4 m, 3×6.66 m, 3×8 m, 3×10 m and treatment of net poplar with spacing 3×4 m. The velocities of STRESS WAVE in radial and longitudinal directions of poplar trees were determined using STRESS WAVE equipment. The results showed that at same spacing (3×4m), the radial and longitudinal velocities of STRESS WAVE in net treatment are significantly higher than those of intercropping treatment. The results also showed that increasing spacing in intercropping treatments will increase the STRESS WAVE velocities in both directions significantly. A poor regression relationship was obtained between STRESS WAVE velocities in radial and longitudinal directions.